Caseless rearview mirror assembly

ABSTRACT

An electro-optic rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflective element and a plate attached at the rear of the reflective element. The mirror reflective element connected to and pivotal about a windshield electronics module via a ball and socket pivot joint. Control circuitry may be disposed in a windshield electronics module for automatically controlling dimming of the electro-optic medium or alternatively, dimming of the electro-optic medium is automatically controlled via a multifunctional rear backup camera system of the equipped vehicle. Optionally, the control circuitry controls dimming of the electro-optic medium of the mirror reflective element via wiring that passes through the ball and socket pivot joint. Optionally, image data captured by the multifunctional rear backup camera may be used for ambient light determination and to provide video image display at the interior rearview mirror assembly.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the filing benefits of U.S. provisionalapplications, Ser. No. 62/471,491, filed Mar. 15, 2017, Ser. No.62/371,256, filed Aug. 5, 2016, Ser. No. 62/344,527, filed Jun. 2, 2016,Ser. No. 62/340,679, filed May 24, 2016, Ser. No. 62/338,124, filed May18, 2016, and Ser. No. 62/330,556, filed May 2, 2016, which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to rearview mirror assemblies for vehiclesand, more particularly, to interior rearview mirror assembliesadjustably mounted at an interior of a vehicle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Rearview mirrors have been used in the interior of vehicles for decadesupon decades. Conventionally, an interior rearview mirror assemblycomprises a mirror reflective element housed or encased by or in acasing or housing and includes a mounting portion that attachestypically at the inner surface of the windshield of an equipped vehicle.Exemplary conventional interior rearview mirror assemblies are disclosedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,139,172; 6,690,268; 7,195,381; 6,318,870; 6,598,980;5,327,288; 4,948,242; 4,826,289; 4,436,371 and 4,435,042, which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Althoughthere has been a progression and improvement in construction of suchinterior rearview mirror assemblies over time (for example such as theframeless mirror constructions disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,508,831 and8,730,553, and International Publication Nos. WO 2012/051500 and WO2013/071070, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties), conventional interior rearview mirror assemblies utilize arelatively bulky housing or casing (usually formed of a plastic materialvia plastic injection molding). Furthermore, the likes of interiorelectrochromic (EC) rearview mirror assemblies (for example such as theinterior EC rearview mirror constructions disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.7,626,749; 7,274,501; 7,255,451; 7,195,381; 7,184,190; 6,690,268;5,151,824; 5,446,576; 5,724,187 and 5,668,663, which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties) house in a mirrorhousing (together with the interior electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement itself) the likes of circuitry for automatic dimming of the ECmedium used and also the likes of an ambient light detecting photosensorand a glare detecting photosensor used in conjunction with suchautomatic dimming circuitry.

The interior electrochromic mirror reflective element/mirror housingcombination is then mounted in the equipped vehicle and is adjustableabout a pivot joint. Conventional interior rearview mirrors thus utilizea bulky and often heavy mirror housing/casing with disadvantages thatinclude impaired vibration performance due to weight, bulky and thusunattractive size, and manufacturing cost and complexity challenges.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, the need for and use of amirror housing/casing is dispensed with and the mirror reflectiveelement itself is pivotally attached to a windshield electronics modulethat itself attaches at the interior of the equipped vehicle (typicallyto or at the inner surface of the in-cabin side of the vehiclewindshield). The mirror head comprises a mirror reflective element and aplate or rear attachment portion for pivotally mounting the mirror headat the interior of the vehicle.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a caseless mirrorassembly comprises a caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflectiveelement that includes a front transparent glass substrate with a roundedouter circumferential glass edge and a rear substrate with a roundedouter circumferential edge, with an electro-optic medium sandwichedbetween the front transparent glass substrate and the rear substrate. Aplate (including a pivot element for pivotally mounting the mirrorassembly at an interior portion of the vehicle) is part of or attachedat the rear substrate. The caseless mirror assembly of the presentinvention thus provides a low profile mirror head. Control circuitry forautomatically controlling dimming of the electro-optic medium isdisposed separate from the caseless electro-optic rearview mirrorreflective element, and the control circuitry may control dimming of theelectro-optic medium of the caseless electro-optic rearview mirrorreflective element via wiring that passes through the ball and socketpivot joint.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, amultifunctional rear backup camera or system utilizes image datacaptured by a single rear backup camera (disposed at a rear portion ofthe vehicle and having a field of view rearward of the vehicle andencompassing the area immediately behind the vehicle) for multiplefunctions, including (i) video image display during a reversing maneuverand/or as part of a surround view system of the vehicle, (ii) objectdetection during a reversing or parking maneuver, (iii) glare lightdetection at a mirror zone of activity (or rearward field of view) ofthe interior rearview mirror assembly, (iv) ambient light detection, and(v) dimming control of an electro-optic reflective element of theinterior rearview mirror assembly. Optionally, the image data capturedby the single rear backup camera is processed to provide independentdimming control of each of the interior mirror, driver-side mirror andpassenger-side mirror based on processing of captured image datarepresentative of respective zones of activity for each mirror.

These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of thepresent invention will become apparent upon review of the followingspecification in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a caseless electrochromic rearview mirrorassembly in accordance with the present invention, including awindshield electronics module;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of another caseless electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded sectional view of a reflective element and socketplate for a caseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the reflective element assembly of FIG. 3,shown with the socket plate received at the recess of the rear substrateof the reflective element;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a reflective element assembly for acaseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of the presentinvention, shown with a notch to facilitate electrical connection to theelectrically conductive layers of the reflective element;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a caseless electrochromic rearview mirrorassembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of another caseless electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of another caseless electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of another reflective element assembly for acaseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of the presentinvention;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of another reflective element assembly for acaseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of the presentinvention;

FIG. 11 is an exploded sectional view of another reflective elementassembly for a caseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of thepresent invention;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a known rearview mirror assembly andseparate windshield electronics module housing a forward facing camera;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of another caseless electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of another reflective element assembly for acaseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of the presentinvention;

FIG. 15 is an exploded sectional view of another caseless electrochromicrearview mirror assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a plan view of a vehicle incorporating a plurality of camerasin accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of another reflective element assembly for acaseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of the presentinvention;

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of another reflective element assembly for acaseless electrochromic rearview mirror assembly of the presentinvention;

FIG. 19 is a partial sectional view of another reflective element andrearview mirror assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of another reflective element and rearviewmirror assembly in accordance with the present invention, shown with thereflective element detached from a plastic rear mirror portion;

FIG. 21 is another perspective view of the reflective element andrearview mirror assembly of FIG. 20, shown with the reflective elementattached at the plastic rear mirror portion;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of another reflective element and rearviewmirror assembly in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 23 is another perspective view of the reflective element andrearview mirror assembly of FIG. 23, shown with an illumination sourceactivated to provide perimeter lighting around the plastic rear mirrorportion;

FIG. 24 is an image of a 5×5 grid of a rear backup camera, showing theregion of the rear backup camera's field of view that is relevant fordetermining glare at the interior rearview mirror;

FIG. 25 is a chart showing luminance data captured by the rear backupcamera of FIG. 24 and comparing outputs of a mirror sensor and a rearbackup camera in determining glare light in a selected zone;

FIG. 26 is another image captured by the rear backup camera;

FIGS. 27-29 are schematics showing example grids of the image frame ofthe rear backup camera;

FIG. 30 is an image showing an optional grid for processing image datafor a mirror zone of activity;

FIG. 31 is a schematic of an EC mirror dimming control;

FIGS. 32A and 32B show the location of a rear backup camera on avehicle, shown as a pickup truck;

FIGS. 33A and 33B show the fields of view for a rear backup camera andfor the interior rearview mirror of the vehicle;

FIGS. 34A and 34B show the fields of view for a rear backup camera andfor interior and exterior rearview mirrors of the vehicle;

FIG. 35 shows control transition curves for independently controllingthe interior and exterior mirrors responsive to processing of image datacaptured by the rear backup camera; and

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of an interior rearview mirror assemblyhaving a full mirror display screen for displaying video images capturedby the rear backup camera.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an interior electrochromic rearview mirrorassembly 10 that does not have a mirror case in accordance with thepresent invention. Caseless interior electrochromic rearview mirrorassembly 10 comprises interior electrochromic rearview mirror reflectiveelement 20 that pivots (via ball-and-socket pivot joint 30) aboutwindshield electronics module (WEM) 40 that is adapted for attaching to(and demounting from) attachment member 50 that is bonded by adhesive tothe inner surface of windshield 60. Interior electrochromic rearviewmirror reflective element 20 comprises a front transparent glasssubstrate 22 and a rear glass substrate 26 that sandwich anelectrically-dimmable electrochromic (EC) medium 24. Examples ofsuitable EC media to use are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,420,036;5,724,187 and 5,688,663; 5,128,799; 5,073,012; 5,115,346; 5,140,455;5,142,407; 5,151,816; 5,239,405; 5,500,760 and 5,424,865, which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The outmost perimeter edge A, A′ of front transparent glass substrate 22is rounded and has a radius of curvature of at least 2.5 mm (suchrounding achieved in a glass grinding followed by a glass polishingoperation, preferably to water-clear transparency, such as disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 8,508,831 and 8,730,553, and U.S. Publication Nos.US-2014-0022390 and US-2014-0293169, which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties). The outermost perimeter edgeB, B′ of rear glass substrate 26 is rounded and has a radius ofcurvature of at least 2.5 mm (such rounding achieved in a glass grindingfollowed by a glass polishing operation, preferably to water-cleartransparency, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,508,831 and8,730,553, and U.S. Publication Nos. US-2014-0022390 andUS-2014-0293169, incorporated above).

A recess 29 is established (such as by glass grinding/glass removal) atthe rear of rear glass substrate 26. Socket plate 28 is secured(mechanically and/or adhesively) in recess 29. Socket plate 28preferably is a plastic molding formed by plastic injection molding ofan engineering plastic such as reinforced nylon, polycarbonate or ABS)and comprises socket element 27 that is configured to receive (and oncereceived, to pivot about) ball element 42 of WEM 40.

Ball element 42 of WEM 40 preferably is a plastic molding formed byplastic injection molding of an engineering plastic such as reinforcednylon, polycarbonate or ABS). Rear portion 43 of WEM 40 is configured toattach to (and demount from, preferably via a breakaway connection) andbe re-attachable to attachment member 50 (preferably a mirror mountingbutton) that is bonded via a layer of cured adhesive to the innersurface of windshield 60.

The plate thickness of front transparent glass substrate 22 ispreferably around 6 mm or less and the plate thickness of rear glasssubstrate 26 is preferably around 6 mm or less. The plate thickness offront transparent glass substrate 22 is more preferably around 3 mm orless and the plate thickness of rear glass substrate 26 is morepreferably around 3 mm or less. The overall thickness dimension ofinterior electrochromic rearview mirror reflective element 20 (X to X′as marked on FIG. 1) is around 13 mm or less; more preferably is around10 mm or less and most preferably is around 7 mm or less.

Wire Passageway 41 passes through ball pivot element 42 and isconfigured as a passageway/conduit for wire/cables connecting electroniccircuitry in WEM 40 to the likes of electrodes that electrically dim ECmedium 24. Electrical Connector 44 is preferably a multi-pin plugconnector configured to connect to a corresponding multi-pin socketconnector (or vice versa) of a wiring harness of the equipped vehicle tocarry electrical power to WEM 40 and to connect electronics housed inWEM 40 to accessories/systems of the equipped vehicle, such connectionincluding connection to a BUS communication system of the equippedvehicle, preferably a CAN communication BUS or an ETHERNET communicationsystem.

Recess 29 preferably has a circular cross-section with a diameter of atleast 4 cm dimension and more preferably a depth of at least about 2 mm,more preferably at least about 3 mm depth and most preferably at leastabout 4 mm depth. Recess 29 preferably has a circular cross-section witha diameter less than about 5.5 cm. Recess 29 may be formed have acylindrical depth profile via glass grinding or may be dish-shaped suchas via glass grinding to form a spherically-curved concave depression inthe rear surface of rear glass substrate 26.

Socket plate 28 has a circular cross-section that matches that ofcircular recess 29 so that socket plate 28 can fit into recess 29. Thepreferred thickness dimension of socket plate 28 is chosen so thatsocket plate 28 fully fits snugly into recess 29 and the depth anddiameter dimension of socket element 27 of socket plate 28 is chosen sothat socket element 27 can receive (and once received, can pivot about)ball pivot element 42 of WEM 40 forming ball and socket joint 30. Forexample, rear glass substrate 26 may have around 6 mm thickness;circular recess 29 (that is ground into the rearmost surface of rearglass substrate 26 or the 4th surface of caseless EC mirror reflectiveelement 20) may have a 45 mm diameter and may be around 4 mm deep;circular socket plate 28 may have an around 44 mm diameter and may bearound 4 mm thick outside of circular socket element 27 and circularsocket element 27 may have a 40 mm diameter and may be around 3 mm deep.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment where it is desired to accommodate a largediameter ball pivot element 42′. Here the plastic-molded socket plate28′ extends out from and beyond recess 29′ and so allows for socketelement 27′ to accommodate a larger pivot element 42′ to form ball andsocket joint 30′.

As shown in FIG. 3, perimeter reflector/electrode 112 circumscribes theouter border region of the 2nd surface of front transparent glasssubstrate 220 (such as for example is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,066,112; 7,626,749; 7,274,501; 7,184,190 and/or 7,255,451, which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties). The 2ndsurface of front transparent glass substrate 220 is coated with atransparent electrical conductor 110 (such as, for example, a thin filmof indium tin oxide of sheet resistance less than 20 ohms.square). Seal114 binds and spaces apart front transparent glass substrate 220 andrear glass substrate 260. The front and rear substrates 220, 260 haveground, rounded glass outermost edges having radius of at least 2.5 mm.

EC medium 240 is disposed between 2nd surface transparent electricalconductor 110 of front transparent glass substrate 220 and 3rd surfacemirror reflector/electrode 116 of rear glass substrate 260. The 3rdsurface mirror reflector/electrode 116 is coated by vacuum deposition(preferably via sputter deposition in a vacuum chamber) onto the side ofrear glass substrate 260 that contacts EC medium 240 (this side is the3rd surface of the caseless EC rearview mirror reflective element). Forenvironmental stability and high reflectivity, 3rd surface mirrorreflector/electrode 116 preferably comprises a thin film layer of asilver alloy (preferably a silver/gold alloy sputter deposited from a95% Ag/5% Au silver/gold alloy sputtering target). Preferably, 3rdsurface mirror reflector/electrode 116 comprises a thin film layer of95% Ag/5% Au silver alloy of physical thickness at least about 500angstroms (more preferably at least about 800 angstroms physicalthickness) so as to be low light transmitting and thus serve as anopacifying or hiding layer for what lies therebehind. However when atleast a portion of 3rd surface mirror reflector/electrode 116 is desiredto be transflective (such as when a video or other display devicedisplays therethrough), a thinner layer of 95% Ag/5% Au silver alloy canbe used so that visible light transmission through the transflectiveportion of 3rd surface mirror reflector/electrode 116 is at least about10% T, more preferably is at least about 20% T and most preferably is atleast about 30% T while reflectivity is maintained at least about 40% R,more preferably at least about 50% R and most preferably is at leastabout 60% R.

Perimeter reflector/electrode 112 generally hides seal 114 from view byan observer viewing through front transparent glass substrate 220.Socket plate 280 is configured and dimensioned to be received by and tosecure (such as via bonding using an adhesive such as an epoxy adhesiveor a urethane adhesive or an acrylic adhesive or a silicone adhesive oran acrylate adhesive) at recess 290. Socket 270 of socket plate 280 isdimensioned and configured to receive a ball pivot element to form aball and socket pivot joint so that, when the caseless EC mirrorreflective element is mounted and used in an equipped vehicle, a drivercan adjust the rearward field of view of the mirror to his or herpreference/needs. Glare photosensor sensor 190 is configured to viewthrough front transparent glass substrate 220 when socket plate 280 isreceived in recess 290.

As shown in FIG. 4, glare photosensor 190′ views via opening 192 in 3rdsurface mirror reflector/electrode 116′ through EC medium 240′ andthrough front transparent glass substrate 220′. Alternatively, 3rdsurface mirror reflector/electrode 116′ can be a transflective mirrorreflector (i.e., substantially reflective to incident visible light butalso significantly transmissive to visible light) such as are disclosedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,855,755; 7,338,177; 7,274,501; 7,255,451; 7,195,381;7,184,190; 5,668,663; 5,724,187; 5,530,240 and/or 6,690,268, which areall hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties,whereupon opening 192 may be dispensed with. The front and rearsubstrates 220′, 226 have ground, rounded glass outermost edges havingradius of at least 2.5 mm.

To facilitate electrical connection to transparent electrical conductorlayer 4010 and to 3rd surface mirror reflector/electrode 4016 in orderto apply voltage across EC medium 4040 and as shown in FIG. 5, rearglass substrate 4026 is notched at notch 4000 so that, with fronttransparent glass substrate 4022 juxtaposed with rear glass substrate4026 and with the substrates spaced apart by seal 4014 (that preferablyis formed of epoxy and is electrically insulating), overhang region 4050of front transparent glass substrate 4022 is devoid of EC mediumtherebehind and also is electrically insulated from rear glass substrate4026 by seal 4014. The 3rd surface mirror reflector/electrode 4016 wrapsaround the cut edge of rear glass substrate 4026 at notch 4000 andpreferably is in further electrical contact/conductivity with anelectrical conductor on the rear surface (the 4th surface of thelaminate EC cell) of rear glass substrate 4026.

As shown in FIG. 6, a WEM 5040 accommodates glare photosensor 5077,ambient light photosensor 5075 and automatic EC dimming controlcircuitry 5070. With input from glare photosensor 5077 and ambient lightphotosensor 5075, automatic EC dimming control circuitry 5070 controlsdimming of EC medium 5024 via wiring that passes through ball and socketjoint 5030 about which caseless interior electrochromic rearview mirrorreflective element 5020 pivots. Attachment member 5050 may be a mirrormounting button that is bonded via adhesive to the inner surface ofwindshield 5060. The WEM 5040 includes an electrical connector 5047 forelectrically connecting the accessories and circuitry of the WEM to avehicle wire harness or power source or the like when the WEM 5040 isattached at the vehicle windshield 5060. Optionally, attachment member5050 may have mounted to it or may itself comprise a mounting bracket(such as by utilizing aspects of the systems described in U.S.Publication No. US-2015-0251605, which is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety), which either attaches at attachment element5050 adhered at the in-cabin surface of the windshield of the equippedvehicle or that itself directly bonds to the windshield via use of acured adhesive. Such mounting bracket includes a socket or receivingportion that receives or attaches to a ball pivot element of a caselessEC rearview mirror assembly of the present invention, such as via atwist-lock attachment as disclosed in U.S. Publication No.US-2015-0251605, incorporated above.

As shown in FIG. 7, a windshield electronics module or WEM 7040 includesan integral ball pivot element 7042 configured to pivotally attach tosocket element 7027 of socket plate 7028 so forming ball and socketjoint 7030 about which caseless interior electrochromic rearview mirrorreflective element 7020 pivots (with a wire passageway 7041 passingthrough the pivot element 7042). WEM 7040 includes a forward facingvideo camera 7072 (such as is a forward facing camera utilizing aspectsof the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,256,821; 7,480,149;6,824,281 and/or 6,690,268, and/or U.S. Publication Nos.US-2015-0327398; US-2015-0015713; US-2014-0160284; US-2014-0226012and/or US-2009-0295181, which are all hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties). Camera 7072 preferably comprises a CMOSimage sensor comprising a photosensor array of multiple rows ofphotosensing pixels and multiple columns of photosensing pixels (such asa 1 megapixel array or 3 megapixel array or 8 megapixel array or thelike). Camera 7072 views forward of the equipped vehicle through anaperture in a windshield hiding layer of windshield 7060 such as isdisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,445,287; 6,326,613 and/or 6,824,281, whichare hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Imagedata captured by camera 7072 is processed by image processor 7052 of theCombined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and Driver AssistanceControl Circuitry 7071 (preferably, captured image data is processed byan EyeQ® image processor and associated image processing/objectdetection software available from Mobileye N.V. of Jerusalem, Israelsuch as by an EyeQ2 image processor or an EyeQ3 image processor or anEyeQ4 image processor). Processing of image data captured by camera 7072at Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and Driver AssistanceControl Circuitry 7071 by image processor 7052 provides controloutputs/signals for a plurality of driver assistance systems of theequipped vehicle such as driver assistance systems for automaticheadlamp control, lane assist and lane departure warning, traffic signrecognition, forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking,adaptive cruise control and/or pedestrian detection/collision avoidance.

Processing by image processor 7052 of image data captured by camera 7072at Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and Driver AssistanceControl Circuitry 7071 establishes the ambient light level exterior ofthe equipped camera and such is used (during nighttime driving) inconjunction with glare light level data sensed by rear-facing glaresensor 7077 to control dimming of EC medium 7024 (disposed between thefront substrate 7022 and the rear substrate 7026) of caseless interiorelectrochromic rearview mirror reflective element 7020 when glare fromheadlights of rear-approaching vehicles so warrant. Should camera 7072by part of a multi-camera surround vision system of the equipped vehiclewhere one at least such cameras views rearward of the equipped vehicleand captures image data of rear-approaching vehicles, then such rearvision image data can be provided to and processed by image processor7052 of Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and DriverAssistance Control Circuitry 7071 for control of EC dimming of EC medium7024, and in such circumstance glare photosensor 7077 can be dispensedwith. The WEM 7040 includes an electrical connector 7047 forelectrically connecting the accessories and circuitry of the WEM to avehicle wire harness or power source or the like when the WEM 7040 isattached at the vehicle windshield 7060.

As shown in FIG. 8, windshield electronics module 8040 includes anintegral ball pivot element 8042 configured to pivotally attach tosocket element 8027 of socket plate 8028 so forming ball and socketjoint 8030 about which caseless interior electrochromic rearview mirrorreflective element 8020 pivots (with a wire passageway 8041 passingthrough the pivot element 8042). WEM 8040 includes a forward facingvideo camera 8072 as well as glare photosensor 8077 and ambient lightphotosensor 8075 and combined automatic EC dimming control circuitry anddriver assistance control circuitry 8071. Windshield electronics module8040 further accommodates other accessories/features such as antenna8081, rain sensor 8083 and ranging sensor 8085 (such as, for example,radar and/or lidar sensors). The WEM 8040 includes an electricalconnector 8047 for electrically connecting the accessories and circuitryof the WEM to a vehicle wire harness or power source or the like whenthe WEM 5040 is attached at the vehicle windshield 8060. The WEMestablishes the ambient light level exterior of the equipped camera andsuch is used (during nighttime driving) in conjunction with glare lightlevel data sensed by rear-facing glare sensor 8077 to control dimming ofEC medium 8024 (disposed between the front substrate 8022 and the rearsubstrate 8026) of caseless interior electrochromic rearview mirrorreflective element 8020 when glare from headlights of rear-approachingvehicles so warrant. Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry andDriver Assistance Control Circuitry 8071 can process signals/sensor datafrom such other accessories/features such as antenna 8081, rain sensor8083 and ranging sensor 8085 (such as, for example, radar and/or lidarsensors). Such co-sharing of electrical components andsoftware/co-processing of signals/data enhances economic manufacture ofcaseless interior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly 8010. Asdiscussed in relation to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, glarephotosensor 8077 and ambient light photosensor 8075 may be dispensedwith when forward facing video camera 8072 captures ambient lightingconditions and when another rear-viewing camera of the equipped vehicledetects glaring rear-approaching headlights at night.

As shown in FIG. 9, rear glass substrate 9026 of caseless EC rearviewmirror reflective element 9020 comprises a relatively thin rear glasssubstrate of plate thickness preferably in the range from about 0.5 mmthickness to around 1.1 mm thickness. Plastic molded socket plate 9028with molded rounded outer circumferential edges is secured to therearmost surface of rear glass substrate 9026 by a layer of curedadhesive. Plastic molded socket plate 9028 has the same size anddimensions as rear glass substrate 9026 and when attached is flushtherewith. Plastic molded socket plate 9028 is formed such as by moldingof an engineering plastic such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)or a polycarbonate or a polyamide such as nylon (preferably a glass- ormineral-reinforced nylon). Socket 9077 is formed and configured inplastic molded socket plate 9028 so as to receive a ball pivot elementto form a ball and socket pivot joint to enable pivotal adjustmentthereabout of caseless EC rearview mirror reflective element 9020.Plastic molded socket plate 9028 may be molded of a dark plastic resinand may match in color and texture that of the windshield electronicsmodule that houses the electronics controlling EC medium 9024 sandwichedbetween front transparent glass substrate 9022 with rounded outercircumferential edge and thin rear glass substrate 9026 (that need nothave a rounded outer circumferential edge). The front glass substratehas a ground, rounded glass outermost edges of radius greater than orequal to about 2.5 mm and the plastic molded socket plate also hasplastic molded, rounded edges of radius greater than or equal to about2.5 mm.

As shown in FIG. 10, rear glass substrate 10026 of caseless EC rearviewmirror reflective element 10020 comprises a relatively thin rear glasssubstrate of plate thickness preferably in the range from about 0.5 mmthickness to around 1.1 mm thickness. Plastic molded ball pivot elementplate 10028 with rounded outer circumferential edges is secured to therearmost surface of rear glass substrate 10026 by a layer of curedadhesive. Plastic molded ball pivot element plate 10028 has the samesize and dimensions as rear glass substrate 10026 and when attached isflush therewith. Plastic molded ball pivot plate 10028 is formed such asby molding of an engineering plastic such as acrylonitrile butadienestyrene (ABS) or a polycarbonate or a polyamide such as nylon(preferably a glass- or mineral-reinforced nylon). Ball pivot element10099 is formed integrally with and is configured in plastic molded ballpivot plate 10028 so as to receive a socket pivot element to form a balland socket pivot joint to enable pivotal adjustment thereabout ofcaseless EC rearview mirror reflective element 10020. Plastic moldedball pivot plate 10028 may be molded of a dark plastic resin and maymatch in color and texture that of the windshield electronics modulethat houses the electronics controlling EC medium 10024 sandwichedbetween front transparent glass substrate 10022 with rounded outercircumferential edge and thin rear glass substrate 10026 (that need nothave a rounded outer circumferential edge). The front glass substratehas a ground, rounded glass outermost edges of radius greater than orequal to about 2.5 mm and the plastic molded socket plate also hasplastic molded, rounded edges of radius greater than or equal to about2.5 mm.

Note that in previous embodiments, the socket of the ball and socketpivot joint (about which the caseless EC rearview mirror reflectiveelement pivots) is part of the caseless EC rearview mirror reflectiveelement and the ball of the ball and socket pivot joint (about which thecaseless EC rearview mirror reflective element pivots) is part of thewindshield electronics module that attaches at the vehicle interior(such as to or at the windshield or to or at a header region of the roofabove the windshield). However in such embodiments the ball of the balland socket pivot joint (about which the caseless EC rearview mirrorreflective element pivots) may be part of the caseless EC rearviewmirror reflective element and the socket of the ball and socket pivotjoint (about which the caseless EC rearview mirror reflective elementpivots) may be part of the windshield electronics module.

The rear glass substrate used in the caseless EC rearview mirrorreflective elements of the present invention may be clear transparentglass or may be colored or tinted glass. In such regard, use can be madeof architectural glass normally used for windows on buildings and thelike. Such architectural glass is typically used for solar control andcan be light reflective and/or light absorptive. For example low-eglasses (such as Pilkington Eclipse Advantage™, Pilkington Solar-E™,Pilkington Solar-E™ Plus available from Pilkington North America ofToledo, Ohio) can be used or thermal control low-e glass (such asPilkington Energy Advantage™) can be used. Tinted glass (such asPilkington Graphite BIue™ or Pilkington EverGreen™ or Pilkington ArcticBIue™ or Pilkington SuperGrey™) can be used.

As shown in FIG. 11, anchor elements 11089, 11089′ may be formed insocket plate 11028 (such as by injection molding when socket plate 11028is being molded) and are configured to correspond with and be receivedby counter-sinks 11088, 11088′ established (such as by drilling using adiamond drill-bit) in rear glass substrate 11026. Such enhancesmechanical retention of socket plate 11028 to rear glass substrate 11026and this mechanical retention can be assisted/augmented using adhesive.In the illustrated embodiment, the front and rear glass substrates11022, 11026 each have a ground, rounded glass outermost edges of radiusgreater than or equal to about 2.5 mm.

A trough or a gulley can be ground into the rearmost surface of the rearglass substrate to carry an electrical conductor connecting to, forexample, the transparent electronic conductor thin film layer coated atthe 2nd surface of the front transparent glass substrate or to theperimeter reflector/electrode coated at the 2nd surface of the fronttransparent glass substrate or to the 3rd surface mirrorreflector/electrode. Also, screened-on or printed-on (such as via aninkjet printer) electrically conductive inks and frits can be used toestablish electrically conductive traces or busbars for connecting to,for example, the transparent electronic conductor thin film layer coatedat the 2nd surface of the front transparent glass substrate or to theperimeter reflector/electrode coated at the 2nd surface of the fronttransparent glass substrate or to the 3rd surface mirrorreflector/electrode.

Furthermore, and as discussed above, local notches in either or bothglass substrates and/or local offsets/overhangs can assist electricalconnection to the electrodes providing electrical voltage across theelectro-optic medium sandwiched between the front and rear substrates.

Also as described herein with regard to a caseless EC rearview mirrorassembly, the innovations of the present invention can be used for acaseless electro-optic rearview mirror assembly such as, for example, acaseless liquid crystal rearview mirror assembly where the front andrear substrates sandwich a liquid crystal medium whose transmissivity iselectrically variable, such as for example by utilizing aspects of theassemblies described in U.S. Publication Nos. US-2016-0023606;US-2016-0009226 and/or US-2015-0283945, which are all herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

As an alternative to the control circuitry disposed in the windshieldelectronics module controlling dimming of the electro-optic medium ofthe caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflective element via wiringthat passes through the ball and socket pivot joint, the desired andrequired electrical connection can be made when the pivot elementconnects to the socket element when attaching the caseless electro-opticrearview mirror reflective element to the windshield electronics module.

Advantages of the present invention over prior art can be seen bycomparison of the conventional, prior art system shown in FIG. 12 to thesystem in accordance with the present invention shown in FIG. 13. In theknown system shown in FIG. 12, EC rearview mirror assembly 12010 mountsto windshield 12060 via mirror mounting button 12050 that is bonded viaan adhesive to the in-cabin side of windshield 12060. Mirror mount 12123of EC rearview mirror assembly 12010 at one ends mount to mirrormounting button 12050 and at the other end comprises ball pivot element12125 that is received in socket pivot element 12126 of EC rearviewmirror assembly 12010 to form ball-and-socket joint 12127 about whichmirror casing 12122 of EC rearview mirror assembly 12010 can bepivotally adjusted so that a driver of an equipped vehicle can adjustthe rearward field of view of EC rearview mirror reflective element12020 that is housed in mirror casing 12122. Automatic EC dimmingcontrol circuitry 12124 is also housed within the cavity formed bymirror casing 12122. Automatic EC dimming control circuitry 12124further includes power supplies to regulate and reduce vehicle ignitionvoltage (typically reduce and regulate 12 V nominal ignition voltage to5 V or so) to power electronic circuitry. Ignition voltage and otherinput from the vehicle is provided to EC rearview mirror assembly 12010via a connector to a wire harness of the equipped vehicle that isprovided at or is accessible at mirror casing 12122. Automatic ECdimming control circuitry 12124 receives input from an ambient lightphotosensor and a glare photosensor of EC rearview mirror assembly 12010and processes received signals (typically using digital circuitryinvolving a microprocessor) in order to appropriately dim the ECrearview mirror reflective element 12020 (such as by application of a DCvoltage up to 1.2 V or so) when glaring conditions exist at night due toheadlights from rear-approaching vehicles. Control outputs from ECrearview mirror assembly 12010 to the rest of the vehicle also passthrough the connector that is provided at or is accessible at mirrorcasing 12122.

As also can be seen in FIG. 12, the Driver Assistance System WindshieldElectronics Module (DAS WEM) System 12005 attaches to windshield 12060at a location separate and spaced from where EC rearview mirror assembly12010 attaches to windshield 12060. DAS WEM System 12005 comprises FrontCamera Module (FCM) 12085 that is configured for releasable attachmentto and detachment from bracket 12080 that is itself attached atwindshield 12060. As shown in FIG. 12, bracket 12080 attaches towindshield 12060 via bracket mounting elements 12052, 12052′ (thattypically are metal bonding pins or buttons or posts that are eachbonded by the likes of a cured epoxy adhesive to the in-cabin surface ofwindshield 12060). Alternative bracket 12080 can directly attached towindshield 12060 via bonding thereto using a layer of cured adhesive.

FCM 12085 is a self-contained driver assistance system camera module andtypically is manufactured/assembled separate from manufacture/assemblyof EC rearview mirror assembly 12010 (and most usually by a differentcompany and at a different manufacturing facility than for the mirrorassembly). FCM 12085 houses a Forward-Facing Camera (FFC) 12086 thatpreferably uses a CMOS imager sensor and that with FCM 12085 received byand mounted to bracket 12080 (itself attached to windshield 12060),views forward through windshield 12060 and captures frames of image datain its field of view. FCM 12085 includes Driver Assistance System (DAS)Circuitry 12088 that includes image processor 12089 (preferably aMobileye EyeQ3 or EyeQ4 image processor and associated software). Imagedata captured by FFC 12086 is image processed by image processor 12089for a variety of driver assistance systems of the equipped vehicle suchas for automatic headlamp control, lane assist and lane departurewarning, traffic sign recognition, forward collision warning, automaticemergency braking, adaptive cruise control and/or pedestriandetection/collision avoidance. Driver Assistance System (DAS) Circuitry12088 further includes various digital circuitry including digitalmemory and other digital components including at least onemicroprocessor. Driver Assistance System (DAS) Circuitry 12088 furtherincludes power supplies to regulate and reduce ignition voltage(typically to 5 V or so) to power electronic circuitry. Ignition voltageand other input from the vehicle is provided to FCM 12085 via aconnector of FCM 12085 that is configured to a wire harness of theequipped vehicle. This connector is provided at or is accessible at FCM12085 and is configured for connection with a vehicle wire harness.Control outputs from FCM 12085 to the rest of the vehicle also passthrough the connector that is provided at or is accessible at FCM 12085.FCM 12085 connects with and is in 2-way communication with a bus datacommunication system of the equipped vehicle (such as a CAN bus) viathis connector.

As can be seen in FIG. 13, the digital circuitry already present (andpaid for) in FCM 13085 can be wholly or mostly used for automatic ECdimming control. Thus Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitryand Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 13088, in addition to providingDAS functionality, can also provide automatic EC dimming control forCaseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 13020 of Caseless ECRearview Mirror Assembly 13010. Thus overall packaging can be morecompact, and less electronic components are needed and used. Ball pivotelement 13125 of FCM 13085 is received in socket pivot element 13126 ofsocket plate 13128 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Assembly 13010 to formball-and-socket joint 13127 about which Caseless EC Rearview MirrorAssembly 13010 can be pivotally adjusted. Thus there is no need to havea separate mirror mounting button attached to the windshield.

Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and Driver AssistanceControl Circuitry 13088, in addition to providing the EC dimming controlsignal (typically a DV voltage from 0 V to around 1.2 V or so) to dim ECmedium 13024 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 13020,also provides signals to dim any electrochromic exterior mirrorreflective elements used by the equipped vehicle. Such exterior ECmirror dimming commands/signals/outputs from Combined Automatic ECDimming Control Circuitry and Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 13088preferably pass through connector 13047 that is provided at or isaccessible at FCM 18085 when connector 13047 is connected to q wireharness of the equipped vehicle, and most preferably are communicated tothe exterior rearview mirrors of the vehicle via the likes of a CAN busvehicle data communication network or a LIN/LAN network. Similarly,vehicle data (such as speed, steering angle, yaw rate, transmission gearselection such as for reverse gear inhibit of dimming of EC mirrors, andthe like) can communicate to FCM 13085 via such a CAN bus vehicle datacommunication network and pass via connector 13047 to Combined AutomaticEC Dimming Control Circuitry and Driver Assistance Control Circuitry13088.

FCM 13085 can house other electronic features such as a compass sensorand associated electronics/software, a garage door opener and associatedelectronics/software (such as HomeLink® available from GentexCorporation of Zeeland MI), a toll booth transducer and associatedelectronics/software, a display driver and associatedelectronics/software, and a video display screen and associatedelectronics/software. User inputs (such as buttons for HomeLink®) andother HMI can be provided at FCM 13085.

For example, FIG. 14 shows caseless EC rearview mirror reflectiveelement 14020 that comprises a 3rd surface mirror transflectivereflector 14016 having at least about 30% transmissivity and at leastabout 50% reflectivity. Video display screen 14077 is covert behind 3rdsurface mirror transflective reflector 14016 until it is backlit todisplay information. Electronic circuitry to control video displayscreen 14077 is located in a WEM that includes a socket element thatreceives ball pivot element 14099 of caseless EC rearview mirrorreflective element 14020 to form a ball-and-socket joint that ECrearview mirror reflective element 14020 can pivot about. Caseless ECrearview mirror reflective element 14020 can be used for a bi-mode (suchas by utilizing aspects of the systems described in U.S. provisionalapplications, Ser. No. 62/237,716, filed Oct. 6, 2015 and Ser. No.62/185,206, filed Jun. 26, 2015, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties). The front glass substrate 14022 has aground, rounded glass outermost edges of radius greater than or equal toabout 2.5 mm and the plastic molded pivot element plate 14028 also hasplastic molded, rounded edges of radius greater than or equal to about2.5 mm.

As shown in FIG. 15, ball pivot element 15125 of Caseless EC RearviewMirror Reflective Element 15020 is received in socket pivot element15126 of FCM 15085 to form ball-and-socket joint 15127 about whichCaseless EC Rearview Mirror Assembly 15010 can be pivotally adjusted.DAS WEM System 15005 comprises Front Camera Module (FCM) 15085 that isconfigured for releasable attachment to and detachment from bracket15080. Bracket 15080 is configured for releasable attachment anddetachment of FCM 15085 thereto and therefrom with bracket 15080attached at the in-cabin side of windshield 15060 (either by bracket15085 mounting to bracket mounting elements 15052, 15052′ or by bracket15080 being bonded directly and fixedly to the windshield using a layerof cured adhesive). Forward-facing Camera (FFC) 15086 (that preferablycomprises a CMOS megapixel photosensor array having at least 1,000,000photosensors (and optionally a 3 megapixel array or an 8 megapixel arrayor the like) arranged in a matrix array of multiple columns ofphotosensors and multiple rows of photosensors) is accommodated within ahousing/casing of FCM 15085 and is configured to view forward of theequipped vehicle when FCM 15085 is attached to and supported by bracket15080 at windshield 15060.

Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and Driver AssistanceControl Circuitry 15088 is also accommodated within the housing/casingof FCM 15085. Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and DriverAssistance Control Circuitry 15088 comprises Image Processor 15089(e.g., preferably a Mobileye EyeQ3® or EyeQ4® image processing chip andassociated software) and includes other digital and analog circuitrysuch as digital memory and another microprocessor. Combined Automatic ECDimming Control Circuitry and Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 15088receives image data captured by FFC 15086 and image processes receivedimage data via image processor 15089 for a variety of driver assistancesystems of the equipped vehicle (including those discussed aboveherein).

FCM 15085 includes electrical connector 15047 that is configured forconnection to a vehicle wire harness of the equipped vehicle (includingconnection to a communication bus of the vehicle) and receiveselectrical power and vehicle data from the vehicle and outputs controlsignals to the vehicle such as via a CAN bus. Combined Automatic ECDimming Control Circuitry and Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 15088also receives ambient light data from FFC 15086 and received a glareintensity signal from Glare Photosensor 15090, and when during nighttimedriving a glaring condition is determined to exist due torear-approaching headlights of vehicles to the rear and to the side ofthe equipped vehicle, Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitryand Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 15088 generates an EC mirrorcontrol signal (typically a DC voltage in the range from 0 V to around1.2 V) that is fed to electrical terminals at electrical socketconnector 15075 that is part of socket pivot element 15126 that isincluded in FCM 15085.

Socket pivot element 15126 that is included in FCM 15085 is configuredto mechanically receive and electrically connect electrical socketconnector 15075 to electrical plug connector 15070 of ball pivot element15125 that is part of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element15020 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Assembly 15010. Ball pivot element15125 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 15020 isreceived in socket pivot element 15126 of FCM 15085 to formball-and-socket joint 15127 about which Caseless EC Rearview MirrorReflective Element 15020 can be pivotally adjusted, and in so doing,electrical socket connector 15075 connects to electrical plug connector15070 and Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and DriverAssistance Control Circuitry 15088 electrically connects with CaselessEC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 15020 to automatically controldimming of the EC medium 15024 that, when electrically powered, dims thereflectance of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 15020. Insuch manner, and at an automobile assembly plant, FCM 15085 can bereceived from FCM Supplier A and mounted to bracket 15080 (alreadyattached to windshield 15080) and Caseless Rearview Mirror ReflectiveElement 15020 can be received from Mirror Supplier B (that may be adifferent supplier/company than FCM Supplier A) and socket pivot element15126 and electrical socket connector 15075 and ball pivot element15125/electrical socket connector 15075 are configured such that whenthe automaker assembly worker snaps/presses/twists ball pivot element15125 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 15020 intosocket pivot element 15126 of FCM 15085, electrical connection is madebetween electrical socket connector 15075 and electrical plug socketconnector 15070, and such electrical connection is maintained asCaseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 15020 pivotally adjustsabout FCM 15085 via ball-and-socket joint 15127. Such “plug and play”assembly of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Assembly 15010 has numerousadvantages both in economics and in functionality.

As shown in FIG. 16, vehicle 16000 comprises at least fourexterior-mounted cameras. FVC 16074 is an at least forward viewingcamera mounted at the front of vehicle 16000. RVC 16072 is an at leastrearward viewing camera mounted at the rear of vehicle 16000. DSVC 16076is an at least sideward viewing camera mounted at the driver-side ofvehicle 16000 (such as, for example, in or at a driver-side exteriorrearview mirror assembly of the equipped vehicle or mounted at or in adriver-side body portion of the equipped vehicle or mounted at or in adriver-side exterior pillar portion of the equipped vehicle). PSVC 16078is an at least sideward viewing camera mounted at the passenger-side ofvehicle 16000 (such as, for example, in or at a passenger-side exteriorrearview mirror assembly of the equipped vehicle or mounted at or in apassenger-side body portion of the equipped vehicle or mounted at or ina passenger-side exterior pillar portion of the equipped vehicle).Forward-facing Camera (FFC) 16086 is disposed in Front Camera Module(FCM) 16085 that is configured for releasable attachment to anddetachment from bracket 16080 that is attached to windshield 16060.Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Assembly 16010 includes ball pivot element16125 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 16020 that isreceived in socket pivot element 16126 of FCM 16085 to formball-and-socket joint 16127 about which Caseless EC Rearview MirrorReflective Element 16020 can be pivotally adjusted.

Image data captured by camera FVC 16074, RVC 16072, DSVC 16076, PSVC16078 and FFC 16086 are provided via Video Data Communication Network16084 to Safety Domain Controller ECU 16050. Captured image data can becarried over the likes of LVDS or ETHERNET or MOST cabling/networking.Safety Domain Controller ECU 16050 comprises Combined Automatic ECDimming Control Circuitry and Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 16088.Combined Automatic EC Dimming Control Circuitry and Driver AssistanceControl Circuitry 16088 comprises Image Processor 16089 (e.g.,Mobileye's EyeQ3® or EyeQ4® image processor and associated imageprocessing/object detection software). Safety Domain Controller ECU16050 connects with a vehicle data communication bus of vehicle 16000(such as a CAN bus). Image data captured by at least one of cameras RVC16072, DSVC 16076 and PSVC 16078 is processed by Automatic EC DimmingControl Circuitry and Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 16088 andshould at night a glaring condition be determined to exist due toheadlights of rear-approaching vehicles, a control signal/command issent from Safety Domain Controller ECU 16050 via the likes of a CAN busto Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Assembly 16010 that causes EC medium16024 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 16020 to dim toreduce reflected glare to the driver of the equipped vehicle.

Should vehicle 16000 be equipped with a driver-side EC mirror and apassenger-side EC mirror, image data captured by at least one of camerasRVC 16072, DSVC 16076 and PSVC 16078 is processed by Automatic ECDimming Control Circuitry and Driver Assistance Control Circuitry 16088and should at night a glaring condition be determined to exist due toheadlights of rear-approaching vehicles, then dimming of the driver-sideEC mirror and/or passenger-side EC mirror is controlled individually andindependent of (when glaring conditions make appropriate) dimming of ECmedium 16024 of Caseless EC Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 16020.Thus, the system can (responsive to image data captured by multipleexterior, sideward and rearward viewing cameras) drive all three mirrors(the interior rearview mirror, the driver side exterior rearview mirrorand the passenger side exterior rearview mirror) independently. Thecameras provide more inputs, so the system can better determine whenthere is glare at each mirror location (and the level of such glare).The mirror control processing capability can be added to the controllerECU that is already present in the vehicle for the surround view imageprocessing. The controller may process image data and may send a PWMsignal to a mirror drive circuit of each mirror assembly, or thecontroller may include the drive circuit functions and may simply powerthe respective individual mirror reflective element when glare isdetected for that mirror reflective element or such power/control maycomprise a network command over a LIN/CAN communication network. Thus,the present invention utilizes the surround view system to individuallydrive the EC cells of the interior and exterior rearview mirrors. Thesurround view system can thus drive all three EC cells independently forenhanced system glare protection performance.

As shown in FIG. 17, a Caseless Electrochromic Rearview MirrorReflective Element 17020 comprises a plastic molded ball pivot elementplate 17028 with rounded outer circumferential edge. Ball pivot element17099 of plastic molded ball pivot element plate 17028 (that isintegrally molded with plastic molded ball pivot element plate 17028 ina plastic injection molding operation that forms plastic molded ballpivot element plate 17028) is configured to mechanically fit andelectrically couple with a receiving socket pivot element of a WEMattached at a vehicle windshield, and with automatic EC dimming controlcircuitry and preferably with driver assistance control circuitry alsoaccommodated in the WEM about which Caseless Electrochromic RearviewMirror Reflective Element 17020 is pivotally adjustable via a ball- andsocket-joint formed of ball pivot element 17099 of plastic molded ballpivot element plate 17028 and the socket pivot element of the WEM.Display driver/control circuitry for video display screen 17077 ofCaseless Electrochromic Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 17020 is alsoaccommodated in the WEM.

Plastic side wall SW 17080 of plastic molded ball pivot element plate17028 (formed integrally with plastic molded ball pivot element plate17028 in the plastic injection molding operation that forms plasticmolded ball pivot element plate 17028) circumscribes the outer cut glassedge of front transparent glass substrate 17022. The front surface offront transparent glass substrate 17022 is generally coplanar/flush withthe top of side wall SW 17080 and the front and rear plastic outer edges(rounded molded outer circumferential edge 17065) of SW 17080 arerounded (via molding in its injection molding formation) and has aradius of at least 2.5 mm. The mirror assembly may utilize aspects ofthe mirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,289,037 and/or7,255,451, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

Preferably, so as to facilitate electrical connection to PerimeterReflector/Electrode 17012 and/or to Transparent Electrical Conductor17010 and to 3rd surface mirror transflective reflector/electrode 17016so as to provide an EC-dimming voltage across EC medium 17024, at leastone dimension of rear glass substrate 17026 (that preferably has a platethickness in the range from about 0.5 mm to about 1.6 mm thick) issmaller in size than a corresponding dimension of front transparentglass substrate 17022 (that preferably has a thickness less than about2.2 mm and more preferably around 1.6 mm). The EC cell formed by fronttransparent glass substrate 17022 and rear glass substrate 17026sandwiching EC medium 17024 nests into plastic molded ball pivot elementplate 17028 with cut outer edges of front transparent glass substrate17022 protected by side wall SW 17080.

The overall thickness dimension (A to A′ as shown in FIG. 17) ofCaseless Electrochromic Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 17020 ispreferably around 20 mm or less, more preferably around 15 mm or less,and most preferably around 10 mm or less.

Should the WEM that Caseless Electrochromic Rearview Mirror ReflectiveElement 17020 is to mechanically attach and electrically couple withcomprise an integral ball pivot member, then Caseless ElectrochromicRearview Mirror Reflective Element 17020 can comprise an integral socketpivot element in lieu of ball pivot element 17099.

As shown in FIG. 18, caseless electrochromic rearview mirror element18020 comprises front transparent glass substrate 18220 and rear glasssubstrate 18226 spaced apart by seal 18044 with EC medium 18240 disposedin the interpane cavity between the glass substrates. EC medium 18240 isin contact with transparent electrical conductor 18080 and 3rd surfacemirror reflector/electrode 18116. Recess 18075 is established by a glassgrinding operation at the rear of rear glass substrate 18226. Ball pivotplate 18070 (preferably formed of an engineering plastic via injectionmolding) is received in recess/countersink 18075 ground into rear glasssubstrate 18226 and is secured therein mechanically and/or adhesivelyusing a layer of cured adhesive or the like.

Ball pivot element 18048 of ball pivot plate 18070 is configured tomechanically fit and electrically couple with a receiving socket pivotelement of a WEM attached at a vehicle windshield, and with automatic ECdimming control circuitry and preferably with driver assistance controlcircuitry also accommodated in the WEM about which CaselessElectrochromic Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 18020 is pivotallyadjustable via a ball- and socket-joint formed of ball pivot element18048 of plastic molded ball pivot plate 18070 and the socket pivotelement of the WEM.

Circumferential protective encapsulant 18040 circumscribes andencapsulates the cut outer glass edges of front transparent glasssubstrate 18220 and of rear glass substrate 18226, and has outer roundededges having radius >2.5 mm E, E′, E″, E′″. Optionally, a glarephotosensor can be included in circumferential protective encapsulant18040 (such as glare sensor 18043 shown in FIG. 18). Optionally, anambient light photosensor can be included in circumferential protectiveencapsulant 18040 (such as ambient light sensor 18045 shown in FIG. 18).

Circumferential protective encapsulant 18040 is preferably formed of aplastic material and more preferably has an ASTM D2240 type A durometervalue in the 50 to 90 Shore A range, and most preferably in the 65-75range. For example, circumferential protective encapsulant 18040 can beformed of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) such as Santoprene or can beformed of a rubber-like urethane that has some rubber-like resilience sothat should circumferential protective encapsulant 18040 of CaselessElectrochromic Rearview Mirror Reflective Element 18020 be impacted by adriver or occupant of an equipped vehicle, protection against cuts orinjury is given by the chosen shape and material used forcircumferential protective encapsulant 18040.

Optionally, the rear of the Caseless Electrochromic Rearview MirrorReflective Element may be encased by a glass element or glass-like rearplate. For example, and such as shown in FIG. 19, the CaselessElectrochromic Rearview Mirror Reflective Element may comprise anelectro-optic (such as electrochromic) reflective element having a frontrounded glass substrate and a rear glass substrate, with a glass-likerear plate that is rounded about its perimeter and that encases the rearsubstrate and abuts the rear of the front substrate at an overhangregion. The glass-like rear plate may provide a rounded perimetersurface that provides a smooth rounded continuous transition from therounded perimeter surface of the front glass substrate to the rearperimeter edge region of the glass-like rear plate.

Thus, the mirror reflective element can be made with the electricalconnections on the back. The back-plate and housing are replaced with aclear plastic (transparent so as to be glass-like or translucent) orglass substrate to extend the look of a single glass module. Theglass-like rear plate may be adhered to the mirror reflective element(such as to the rear of the rear substrate or to the rear of the frontsubstrate at the overhang region. As shown in FIG. 19, the glass-likerear plate can have the same contoured perimeter edge or surface togenerally correspond with the rounded or contoured perimeter edgesurface of the front substrate.

Electrical contacts (such as for providing electrical connection toterminals for powering the electrochromic reflective element) can berouted along or through and brought out at a center region of theglass-like rear plate (where they may electrically connect to a wire orlead at the mirror mount). Optionally, the electronics may or may not beincorporated into the glass-like rear plate.

Optionally, the glass-like rear plate can have water clear or glossyrounded perimeter surface and rear surface or may have a frostedperimeter and rear surface (or may have a clear/glossy perimeter edgeand a frosted rear surface or vice versa). Optionally, the glass-likerear plate may be colored, such as black or such as a color to match acolor scheme of the vehicle. Optionally, the rear glass-like plate maybe metalized. The metalized surface appearance may be glossy or diffuse.This (or other diffuse or frosted or opaque finish) may be done to hidethe electrical contacts and for cosmetic reasons.

The glass-like rear plate can have molded into it various features suchas, for example, a stepped lip to match the offset or overhang of thereflective element (such as shown in FIG. 19). The glass-like rear platemay include channels (such as formed along the surface of the plate thatopposes the rear surface of the rear substrate) for routing wires, andthe glass-like rear plate may include built-in electricalcontacts/inserts to assist in making electrical connections. Theglass-like rear plate may include an attachment feature at the centerregion of the plate for connecting the mirror to the mirror mount (andthe attachment feature or pivot element may be molded as part of themolded plastic plate or may be separately formed and attached at theglass-like rear plate).

As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the reflective element may be received inor attach at a front surface or recess of the glass-like rear plate toform a mirror head having rounded front and rear perimeter edges. Theglass-like rear plate may comprise a green tinted acrylic so that theglass-like rear plate appears to be made of glass.

In addition to putting a reflective finish or a reflective matte finishor a non-reflective matte finish on the mating surface of the glass-likerear plate, that surface may have a paint applied thereto, or since itwould be molded with all the features for wires, conductive epoxy, taband/or the like, and/or that surface may have an in-mold transfer filmprocess. This would hide all the electrical connections when looking atthe rear of the mirror assembly by providing an opaque film at themating surface of the glass-like rear plate. The rounded edge of theglass-like rear plate may have a glossy finish to continue the look ofan all glass assembly at the rear of the mirror assembly. When lookingdirectly at the mirror assembly, it would have the look of a glass edgewrapping around to the rear of the mirror head or assembly.

Also, the glass-like rear plate, along with a clear adhesive used forlamination, may act as a scatter-proof safety feature for the mirrorassembly.

Other features such as edge lighting may be embedded into the glass-likerear plate to enhance the appearance of the mirror reflective element.Optionally, reading lights, light sensors, touch sensors, signal lightsand/or the like may be incorporated into the glass-like rear plate (withthe electrical connections for the electronic devices or elements beingrouted through channels of the glass-like rear plate or being insertmolded in the glass-like rear plate during molding of the plasticglass-like rear plate).

Also, use of perimeter seals where the seal is partially electricallyconductive and partially electrically insulating can be used to makeelectrical connection in the caseless interior electro-optic mirrors ofthe present invention, and especially when laser-ablated demarcationsare used to avoid short-circuiting the second surface transparentconductor of the front substrate to the second surface mirror reflectorof the rear substrate.

Optionally, edge lighting can come from a central hole in the glass-likerear plate where the mirror gets coupled to the mirror mount. Differentforms of lighting may be used such as LEDs. Different LED colors couldbe used to indicate a respective or particular signal similar to blindzone indicator LED. In such an application, the entire edge of themirror may light up or flash on/off. Screen printable LEDs may also bemolded directly into the glass-like rear plate (such as by utilizingaspects of the mirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,327,649,which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

The lighting effect may be achieved by either lighting the edges,whereby the glass-like rear plate can act as a light guide, or by addingdiffusers (such as small light diffusing particles to acrylic), wherebythe entire back surface can glow.

For example, and with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23, the mirror assemblymay include at least one light emitting diode (or other suitableillumination source) to provide a desired lighting effect at the rearmirror portion. As shown in FIG. 22, when the light is deactivated, theglass-like rear plate appears as a clear or tinted or colored rearmirror portion. As shown in FIG. 23, when the light is activated, theperimeter curved surfaces of the glass-like rear plate glow or emitlight, such as white light or colored light, depending on the particularapplication of the mirror assembly and desired appearance (optionally,the LED or LEDs may be operable to emit a colored light as selected bythe driver or occupant of the vehicle equipped with the mirrorassembly). The LED or LEDs may be disposed at a center portion of themirror assembly whereby the light emitted by the LED(s) emits throughthe glass-like rear mirror portion so as to be viewable at the peripheryof the mirror portion. The light may also or otherwise cause the rearsurface of the glass light plate or rear mirror portion to glow or emitlight.

The glass-like rear plate may comprise any suitable material, such as,for example, an ACRYLITE® Hi-Gloss acrylic sheet or the like, which mayprovide the appearance of painted glass without the associated weight ofglass. Optionally, clear light-diffusing particles embedded in the platemay deflect the light rays entering the edges (or entering from a LED atthe mirror assembly), whereby the total internal reflection may besuppressed, allowing the light rays to exit the plate via the surfacesin a controlled manner, whereby the glass-like cover plate may provide asubstantially uniformly glowing surface.

Other high gloss features/patterns may be added to the in-mold processto provide the desired or selected or customized appearance at the rearof the mirror assembly. Optionally, fluorescent additives may beincorporated into the acrylic sheet. In this way, the sheet may appearcolorless when not illuminated and colored when illuminated. Optionally,the desired or selected color can be achieved or provided from the colorof the LED itself without a fluorescent additive. Optionally, having ahigh gloss film at the rear surface of the glass-like rear plate willgive it an appearance of more depth. Optionally, any pattern could beincorporated into the glass-like rear plate to provide the desiredappearance.

Optionally, edge lighting such as discussed above may be implemented ata plastic mirror casing where the casing or housing may be modified toeffectively have a glass-like bezel. For example, a perimeter portion ofa mirror casing may be formed of transparent or translucent or clearplastic to allow for light emitted by one or more LEDs inside the mirrorcasing to pass through or illuminate the clear plastic portion of themirror casing. The clear casing portion (or optionally a clear bezelportion of the mirror assembly) may function as a light pipe for variouslighting applications. The mirror casing with light pipe feature issuitable for interior and exterior mirror applications.

Therefore, the present invention provides an electro-optic rearviewmirror system for a vehicle that includes a caseless electro-opticrearview mirror reflective element comprising a front transparent glasssubstrate with a rounded outer circumferential glass edge, a rearsubstrate with a rounded outer circumferential edge, and anelectro-optic medium sandwiched between the front transparent glasssubstrate and the rear substrate. A plate is attached at the rear of therear substrate and the caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflectiveelement is connected to and pivotal about an interior portion of thevehicle via a ball and socket pivot joint. Optionally, a socket pivotelement of the plate forms the ball and socket pivot joint with a ballpivot element of a mirror mounting structure, or a ball pivot element ofthe plate forms the ball and socket pivot joint with a socket element ofa mounting structure at the interior portion of the vehicle. Controlcircuitry is disposed separate from the caseless electro-optic rearviewmirror reflective element for automatically controlling dimming of theelectro-optic medium. The control circuitry controls dimming of theelectro-optic medium of the caseless electro-optic rearview mirrorreflective element via wiring that passes through the ball and socketpivot joint.

The mounting structure at the interior portion of the vehicle maycomprise a windshield electronics module, with the control circuitrydisposed in the windshield electronics module. In such an application, asocket pivot element of the plate may form the ball and socket pivotjoint with a ball pivot element of the windshield electronics module, ora ball pivot element of the plate may form the ball and socket pivotjoint with a socket element of the windshield electronics module.

Optionally, the rear substrate may comprise the plate. Optionally, theplate may attach at a rear portion or surface of the rear substrate,such as by being received in a recess established at the rear portion orsurface of the rear substrate. Optionally, a radius of the rounded outercircumferential glass edge of the front transparent glass substrate isthe same as a radius of the rounded outer circumferential edge of therear substrate. Optionally, the rear substrate and/or the plate maycomprise a transparent or translucent material. Optionally, the rearsubstrate comprises a rear glass substrate. Optionally, the controlcircuitry may control dimming of the electro-optic medium responsive toprocessing of image data captured by a rearward viewing camera disposedat a rear portion of the vehicle, as discussed below.

Optionally, an interior electro-optic rearview mirror assembly such asdescribed above (such as an interior electrochromic rearview mirrorassembly or an interior liquid crystal rearview mirror assembly such asdescribed in U.S. Publication No. US-2015-0283945, which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and/or an exteriorelectro-optic rearview mirror assembly may be operated (such as toelectrically dim or darken its electro-optic medium) in conjunction withand controlled by one or more cameras of the vehicle. For example, bycombining the electronic content of exterior mirror controls andsurround view cameras (such as discussed above with respect to FIG. 16),a simpler system may be provided for the mirror systems. By furthercombining the mirror electronics and camera electronics, theauto-dimming function typically included within the interior rearviewmirror assembly electronics can be assimilated into the overall system,with greater functionality (such as auto-dimming each mirror) and lowercosts. For example, and such as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,760,962and 5,550,677 (which are hereby incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties), an interior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly(and preferably a 3-mirror set of an interior electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly and a driver-side exterior electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly and a passenger-side exterior electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly) can be controlled using a camera of an equippedvehicle, where the camera has a rearward field of view and where, atnight, images of headlights of rear-approaching other vehicles are imageprocessed by an image processor of the equipped vehicle, and when it isdetermined by such image processing that a glaring condition exists dueto such rear-approaching other vehicles, a control of the equippedvehicle dims the reflectivity of the interior electrochromic rearviewmirror assembly of the equipped vehicle (and in a 3-mirror set,independently dims the individual mirrors). By so doing, the use of aglare photosensor and an ambient photosensor in the interiorelectrochromic rearview mirror assembly (as is today conventional) isobviated.

Such a rear-viewing camera of the equipped vehicle can provide capturedimages/image data for a variety of other functions besides automaticdimming mirror control. For example, a camera mounted at the rear of theequipped vehicle may be part of a driver assistance system of theequipped vehicle that provides/supports semi-autonomous or autonomousdriving or that provides/supports 360-degree anti-collision monitoringor tailgating alert or the like as well as capturing images/image datafor automatic dimming mirror control. Also, since the camera field ofview entirely encompasses the mirror field of view, the image data canbe sent to a display entirely contained in the interior mirror toprovide a full mirror video display when the mirror operates in adisplay mode, as discussed below.

The rear camera may include processing capabilities or the processor maybe part of a backup assist system or the like, where the processor isoperable to process image data captured by the rear camera to determineluminance and glare in the captured image data (such as via processingthe internal registers to the camera, which contain luminance data foreach location or for configurable locations). Responsive todetermination of glare (via low-level processing of luminance data), thesystem may control the EC cell of the interior rearview mirror and/orthe EC cell of one or both of the exterior mirrors of the vehicle. Forexample, and such as shown in FIG. 24, the backup camera data can bebroken up into a 5×5 grid or 25 sub cells. The internal registers to thecamera contain the luminance data for each cell. FIG. 24 shows the NTSCimage captured by the camera, while FIG. 25 shows luminance datarecorded from the 5×5 grid. In FIG. 24, a light source was placed athead-rest of the driver's seat of the vehicle and aimed at the interiorrearview mirror. The area which is illuminated behind the vehicle (wherethe light aimed at the mirror is reflected off the mirror so as to bedirected rearward of the vehicle) and captured in the image is whereglare light sources can affect the driver of the vehicle.

The camera captures image data via an active pixel array of a CMOSdigital image sensor. Such CMOS digital image sensors are manufacturedby On Semiconductor, Omnivision, and others. The CMOS image sensorcomprises a photosensor array of multiple rows of photosensing pixelsand multiple columns of photosensing pixels. In accordance with thepresent invention, it is preferable to use an image sensor comprising atleast one million photosensor elements or pixels (preferably arranged incolumns and rows with more columns than rows), more preferably at least3 megapixels and more preferably at least 8 megapixels.

The camera image (FIG. 26) shows a 5×5 measurement area within theoverall active pixel array of a CMOS digital image sensor. Eachrow×column area or cell of the grid (preferably a 5×5 grid) isindividually accessible to measure its relative luminance value. Theprocessing and averaging of luminance values of cells of a grid isperformed by the image signal processor (ISP) of the camera to determineluminance values, so that the camera can determine an appropriateexposure setting and/or other camera settings or parameters (this is notimage processing done by a separate image processor for object detectionor the like). The low level processing by the camera's ISP simplydetermines average luminance values, and the system of the presentinvention accesses the camera's register or processer to determineluminance of the individual cells to determine whether the luminancevalue of a given cell or region may be indicative of a headlamp of atrailing vehicle behind the equipped vehicle. The system can adjust thesize of the grid and cells to zoom in on different regions of thecaptured images.

The boundaries of the row×column measurement area or cell can beconfigurably adjusted via software depending on the purpose of themeasurement. Smaller areas may be used to assist in determining if thereis a glare light source(s) present in reference to the surrounding area.Larger areas may allow the software algorithm to determine the amount ofambient light. The ability to dynamically change the measurementboundaries (see FIGS. 26-30) gives the glare monitoring softwareimproved detail specifically during dawn and dusk driving. Optionally,for example, if initially the entire frame of image data is divided intoa 5×5 grid (FIG. 26), and the luminance of one of the cells is above athreshold level (and thus indicative of a headlamp or light source beingpresent in that cell, such as cell 1,2 in FIG. 26), the system mayadjust the 5×5 grid to increase the resolution of the desired area orcell to enhance the system's ability to determine the location of apotential light source, via the determined luminance of the cells asdetermined by the camera's image signal processor. The size of the 5×5grid can be dynamically adjusted to provide enhanced resolution forglare light detection and to determine the location of the glare lightsource, and the grid can be dynamically adjusted as the scene changes oras different light sources or luminance values are detected at differentareas of the captured image data. For example, the image data may beprocessed via the “zoomed in” 5×5 grid such as shown in FIG. 30, whichis optimized to determine luminance of the cells shown, where thegreater luminance is in a smaller cell such that the system can moreaccurately determine the location and intensity of the light sourcecausing the increased luminance. The system may process image data (oraccess processing done by the camera's ISP) by selecting appropriatecells representative of headlight areas (where headlights of rearwardapproaching vehicles are expected to be present in the field of view ofthe rear backup camera). For example, with respect to the 5×5 grid ofFIG. 30, the vertical height of the grid more closely approximates themirror's “zone of activity” and thus provides greater resolution inprocessing those regions or zones. Optionally, the system may not accessor process some of the cells of the selected or applied grid if theyencompass regions where glare would not be expected (such as rows 3 and4 of FIG. 26). These row×column measurement regions or grids may also beconfigured based on vehicle conditions or parameters, such as speed,transmission gear selection, steering angle, tailgate position or statusor the like. Optionally, for example, different grids may be utilizedfor different vehicles or types of vehicles.

The outer regions of the sensed frame of image data, such as, forexample, the upper corners, gives the glare monitoring software theability to determine luminance values for day and night determinationsimilar to the ambient or forward optical sensor on a conventionalinterior auto dimming mirror. Optionally, if the system is utilizing agrid like that shown in FIG. 30 (FIGS. 28 and 29), the system may notdetermine ambient light (since even the upper corner regions of the gridare at or near where glare light may be expected). Optionally, thesystem may episodically or periodically utilize a grid like that shownin FIG. 26 for ambient light determination (via determined luminance ofthe upper corner regions of the captured image data) and utilize azoomed in grid (see FIGS. 28-30) for determination of glare. Forexample, the system may process a particular number of frames of imagedata with a grid preferred for glare detection and then may process oneor more frames of image data with a larger grid (e.g., FIG. 26) forambient light detection. By zooming in to particular regions or cellswhere luminance is determined to be greater, the system can moreaccurately determine the location of the source of the glare and theintensity or luminance of the glare light source, and then can determinethe appropriate dimming control for the interior rearview mirror and/orthe driver-side exterior rearview mirror and/or the passenger-sideexterior rearview mirror, depending on the determined general locationof the glare light source. This allows the system to, for example, dimthe driver-side mirror when glare light (luminance above a thresholdvalue) at a cell at the driver side, and then dynamically reduce dimmingof the driver-side mirror and increase dimming of the interior mirror asthe detected glare light moves toward a center cell of the grid, andthen dynamically reduce dimming of the interior mirror and increasedimming of the passenger-side mirror as the detected glare light movestoward a passenger side cell of the grid.

In case the primary camera is not optimal, the software algorithm maychange to a secondary camera input, such as a camera located in theCHMSL area. The glare software algorithm can also utilize the imagesensor's internal automatic controls as additional information to verifydaytime from night time. Controls such as automatic exposure, automaticwhite balance, and the amount of analog and/or digital gain applied tothe CMOS digital image sensor. The CMOS digital image sensor is able tocapture a very large viewing area, although the critical glare zone thatimpacts the interior mirror is significantly smaller than the viewingarea noted in the image (FIG. 26). FIG. 24 shows the probable locationof the glare light sources, when the tailgate is closed or in the upposition. The relative luminance data is corrected to absolute data withthe below equation that is determined by the following inputs fromcamera image registers: exposure time, analog gain and digital gain.

${Glare} = {{\log_{2}\left( \frac{{Measurement}\mspace{14mu} {Area}\mspace{14mu} {Value}}{\left( {{{Analog}\mspace{14mu} {Gain}} + {{Digital}\mspace{14mu} {Gain}}} \right) \times {Exposure}\mspace{14mu} {Time}} \right)} + {Offset}}$

Optionally, the PCB assembly in the interior mirror may includeprotection circuitry/power supply/ambient and glare sensors. Optionally,a hybrid design/configuration (see FIG. 31), which only includes ECdrive circuitry in the interior mirror that is driven by a PWM signalfrom an external camera ECU, such as from a rear backup camera.

Optionally, the interior mirror PCB assembly may be eliminated, wherebyelectrification or power of the EC cell hardware left in the interiormirror may be achieved by a simple power signal from an external cameraECU or other central processor of the vehicle.

Referring now to FIGS. 32A-34B, a vehicle has a rear backup cameramounted at a typical height and location at a rear portion (typically ata center region) of the vehicle. As can be seen in FIG. 32, the rearbackup camera's field of view encompasses at least the area immediatelybehind the vehicle and preferably encompasses a rear body portion (e.g.,rear bumper) of the vehicle (such as by utilizing aspects of the visionsystems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,690,268 and 7,167,796, which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in theft entireties. The cameramay have a wide angle rearward field of view, such as 180 degrees (ormore) laterally and at least 100 degrees vertically, such as around 135degrees vertically (such as shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B). To provide theappropriate FOV and to meet the requirements of FMVSS 111, the principalaxis of the camera is tilted more downward towards the ground. As can beseen in FIGS. 33A-34A, the regions of interest or zone of activity forthe EC dimming of the interior and/or exterior mirrors are the zoneswhere there is overlap of the rearward field of view of the respectivemirror and the rearward field of view of the rear camera (if the camerais located off of the centerline of the vehicle, the mirror zone ofactivity may be adjusted to accommodate such offset, such that themirror zone of activity corresponds to where the interior rearviewmirror views rearward of the vehicle). The overlap areas or zone ofactivity thus defines the regions that are usable for glare detection.Thus, responsive to processing of image data captured by the cameras atrespective zones (such as the three zones in FIG. 34B, including apassenger side mirror zone, an interior mirror zone and a driver sidemirror zone), the control circuitry can drive or dim an appropriate oneor more of the three mirrors. For example, and as shown in FIG. 35, thedimming control can dynamically monitor and drive or control therespective EC cells of the three mirrors to provide an appropriatedegree of dimming for each mirror (with each mirror being independentlycontrolled based on determined glare at its respective zone ofactivity).

The rear backup camera can thus provide a rear backup camera function(such as capturing image data for object detection or display of videoimages during a reversing maneuver of the vehicle) and an ECdriving/dimming function (such as determining glare in one or moreparticular zones of the captured image data and controlling or dimming arespective one or more of the mirrors accordingly). The system thus maydynamically track the glare light (determining the presence of suchlight, and the intensity of the light and the position of the light inthe camera's field of view) for all three mirrors and control themirrors accordingly to provide the desired or appropriate degree ofdimming as glare light is detected at one or more of the zones ofactivity. Optionally, the system may process image data captured by therear backup camera to determine the distance and location of a glarelight source, such as by determining the number of pixels occupied bythe glare light source (knowing a typical size of a headlamp) or thenumber of pixels between two glare light sources (knowing a typicalspacing between headlights of a vehicle). Optionally, the system maydetermine a color of the detected glare light source and may determineor recognize that the glare light source is an LED headlight of avehicle or an incandescent lamp or the like.

Thus, the rear backup camera may be used for glare and ambient lightmonitoring, with the camera monitoring ambient light behind vehicle andglare light behind the vehicle. The camera can detect glare for allthree mirror positions. The camera measurement area is dynamic and canbe changed for resolution, and the camera measurement area size can beoptimized for headlights for best resolution. The ambient measurementzone may be at the outer regions of the viewing area where glare lightis not expected to be (see FIGS. 24 and 26).

Optionally, the rear backup camera may also be used to capture imagedata for a full mirror display screen disposed in the interior mirrorhead. For example (and such as described in U.S. Publication No.US-2016-0375833, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety), and as shown in FIG. 36, the interior rearview mirror mayinclude a video display screen that displays images derived from imagedata captured by a rearward viewing camera when the mirror is set to adisplay mode. In such applications, the camera may capture image dataand only a relevant portion of the captured image data (such as the zoneof activity for the interior mirror) may be used to generate images fordisplay at the mirror when the mirror is in the display mode (whichprovides about the same view as the mirror itself would in the mirrormode, but since the camera is typically outside of the body of thevehicle (or inside but at the rear window and viewing through the rearwindow), the camera's view is without any obstruction of passengers oroccupants or cargo or seat headrests that may block or obstruct thefield of view of the driver via reflectance off of the mirror reflectorof the mirror reflective element of the interior mirror). The backupcamera may also be used to determine the ambient lighting (such as bydetermining light levels at the upper corner regions of the camera'sfield of view or of the zone of activity) and thus to adjust thebacklighting intensity of the video display. The mirror display screenmay comprise a full mirror display and may utilize aspects of the mirrordisplays described in U.S. Publication No. US-2016-0375833 and/or U.S.provisional applications, Ser. No. 62/476,951, filed Mar. 27, 2017, Ser.No. 62/466,089, filed Mar. 2, 2017, Ser. No. 62/355,460, filed Jun. 28,2016, and/or 62/334,506, filed May 11, 2016, which are all herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties. With such a fullmirror display, the video display screen may occupy at least 75 percentof the reflective region of the mirror reflective element. The displaydevice includes a backlighting array of LEDs for backlighting a displayscreen (such as a TFT display screen or the like), and the backlightingarray of LEDs may include a plurality of zones of LEDs, such that thezones may be independently controlled.

The full mirror display mirror assembly thus may function in a mirrormode, where the mirror head is adjusted by the driver of the vehicle soas to provide a mirror rearward field of view rearward and through arear window of the vehicle, such as in a similar manner as conventionalinterior rearview mirror assemblies. The mirror assembly may alsofunction in a display mode (such as responsive to actuation of a userinput, such as a button or switch or the like, or such as via a voicecommand or touch sensor or the like, such as a touch or proximity sensordisposed at and behind a front substrate of the mirror reflectiveelement at a lower region of the reflective element), where the displayscreen in the mirror head is activated so that the driver viewsdisplayed video images (or other information) through the reflectiveelement of the mirror assembly. When the mirror assembly is operating inthe display mode, the mirror head may pivot or adjust more towards thedriver (such as downward and/or toward the driver side of the vehicle)to enhance the driver's view of the displayed images (such adjustmentmay be manual or may be via an actuator of the mirror that makes theadjustment responsive to the mirror switching to the display mode, andthen reverses the adjustment responsive to the mirror switching back tothe mirror mode). Optionally, when the mirror assembly is operating inthe display mode, the mirror head may pivot or adjust upward, with theupward tilting of the mirror head causing the primary reflection off ofthe reflective element to be out of the driver's eyes (since it would beaimed up toward the headliner or down into the cabin area instead of outthe rear window).

The present invention thus may provide EC dimming control of an interiorrearview mirror assembly and optionally also the exterior rearviewmirror assemblies via processing of frames of image data captured by arear backup camera of the vehicle. Optionally, the sensing and dimmingdriver circuitry can all be packaged in the rear backup camera, suchthat the electronic content of the mirror head can be significantlyreduced. Optionally, the glare and ambient light sensing may be providedby the rear backup camera, whereby the camera may provide a pulse widthmodulation (PWM) signal to the circuitry in the mirror head. Optionally,the glare and ambient light sensing may be provided by the rear backupcamera, and the camera may provide an EC drive output to the mirrorhead. Optionally, the sensing and EC driving may be provided by asurround view electronic control module or ECU (that may process imagedata captured by a rearward viewing camera of the vehicle). Optionally,the glare and ambient light sensing may be provided by one or moreothers of a surround view system, such as by a forward viewing camera(for ambient light) and/or driver and passenger side viewing cameras(for glare and ambient light).

The present invention thus provides enhanced styling of the interiormirror head (due to the reduced electronic content, the mirror head mayhave a thinner or lower profile housing or may comprise a caselessmirror head, such as discussed above). This reduces the interior mirrormass and costs, and may provide enhanced performance of the EC (glareand ambient light) sensor(s), since the sensor is not sensing through arear window (which may have varying tint levels from one vehicle toanother), and since the glare sensor will not be blocked by a rear headrest or a rear occupant of the vehicle. The present invention thusprovides reduced system cost and complexity to OEMs. For example, bymoving the sensors and controls out of the mirror head and utilizing theexisting capabilities of the rear backup camera (and/or surround viewECU), the system can reduce mirror costs by reducing the electroniccomponents in the mirror from around 50 to around 30 components or evendown to around only 2 components (if all electronics are in the rearbackup camera, such that the mirror cell merely receives a power signalor cell electrification signal from the camera or ECU).

Optionally, and such as disclosed in U.S. Publication No.US-2013-0338882 (which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety), an electronics module is disposed at an interior surface of awindshield of a vehicle equipped with an accessory system. A mirror headhaving an electro-optic reflective element is pivotally attached at theelectronics module. Control circuitry is disposed in the electronicsmodule. When the mirror head is pivotally attached at the electronicsmodule, the control circuitry is electrically connected to anelectro-optic reflective element of the mirror head and is operable tocontrol dimming of the electro-optic reflective element. The controlcircuitry is at least operable to control dimming of the electro-opticreflective element responsive to at least one photosensor or camera. Thecontrol circuitry is associated with at least one other function orsystem of the equipped vehicle. Preferably, the electronics modulehouses a camera and the control circuitry is at least in part associatedwith the camera. Preferably, the control circuitry comprises an imageprocessor operable to process image data captured by the camera, and thecamera has a forward field of view through a windshield of the equippedvehicle. Preferably, the image processor processes captured image datafor at least two driver assistance functions selected from the groupconsisting of (i) headlamp control, (ii) lane keeping, (iii) forwardcollision detection, (iv) collision mitigation braking, (v) automaticemergency braking, (vi) traffic sign recognition and (vii) pedestriandetection.

Optionally, by further combining the mirror electronics and rear backupcamera electronics (such as at a rear portion of the vehicle, such as ata rear handle assembly for a liftgate or the like), the rear camera canprovide glare feedback for auto-dimming the mirror reflectiveelements(s) of auto-dimming mirrors of the equipped vehicle. A camera tocontrol automatic dimming of an interior and/or exterior electro-opticmirror assembly or system of the equipped vehicle may be mounted at aside portion of the equipped vehicle, at or on a roof of the equippedvehicle and/or a rear portion of an equipped vehicle.

By combining the electronics content of outside mirrors and outsidemirror controls (such as a LIN module or indicators or lighting) with acamera (such as from a surround vision system such as disclosed inInternational Publication Nos. WO 2010/099416; WO 2011/028686; WO2012/075250; WO 2013/019795; WO 2012/075250; WO 2012/145822; WO2013/081985; WO 2013/086249 and/or WO 2013/109869, and/or U.S.Publication No. US-2012-0162427, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties), package size can be reduced andelectronics functionality is enhanced. As discussed above, by combiningmirror electronics (such as compass, video display, GDO, ETC,telematics, base circuitry and/or the like) and camera electronics, theauto-dimming functionality typically contained in the inside mirrorelectronics can be assimilated into the overall system, with greaterfunctionality (such as independently dimming each individual mirror in a3-mirror set) and lower costs. As indicated above, a rear camera canprovide glare feedback for auto-dimming mirrors. A camera mounted aspart of an exterior door handle of an equipped vehicle can provide glarefeedback for auto-dimming mirrors.

Thus, the present invention provides a multifunctional rear backupcamera system for a vehicle that includes a rear backup camera disposedat a rear portion of a vehicle equipped with the multifunctional rearbackup camera system so as to have a rearward field of view rearward ofthe vehicle, with the rearward field of view encompassing a regionencompassed by a rearward view of the driver of the vehicle via theinterior rearview mirror and encompassing a rear blind zone immediatelyto the rear of the equipped vehicle that is not encompassed by the fieldof rearward view of the interior mirror assembly of the equippedvehicle. A processor is operable to process image data captured by therear backup camera. Responsive to processing by the processor of imagedata captured by the rear backup camera, the processor is operable togenerate respective outputs for (i) a rear backup camera function, (ii)a mirror dimming control at least for an electro-optic interior mirrorassembly of the equipped vehicle and (iii) ambient light detection. Theprocessor processes a mirror zone of captured frames of image data formirror dimming control and processes upper corner regions of capturedframes of image data for ambient light detection. The processorprocesses lower regions of captured frames of image data for the rearbackup camera function, with the lower regions encompassing a rear blindzone immediately to the rear of the equipped vehicle that is notencompassed by the field of rearward view of the electro-optic interiormirror assembly of the equipped vehicle, such that the lower regions areused to monitor the area immediately rearward of the equipped vehicle toassist the driver of the vehicle during a reversing maneuver of thevehicle.

The interior rearview mirror assembly includes an electro-opticreflective element and the output for the mirror dimming control isprovided to the interior rearview mirror assembly to control dimming ofthe electro-optic reflective element. The output for the rear backupcamera function provides one of (i) object detection and (ii) videodisplay at a display device viewable by a driver of the vehicle of videoimages derived from captured frames of image data.

The processor processes image data of the substantially the entirerearward field of view of the rear backup camera for the rear backupcamera function. Based on such processing, the output for the rearbackup camera function may provide video display of video images derivedfrom captured frames of image data, with the video display being at avideo display screen or device (such as a backlit thin film transistor(TFT) display screen or the like) viewable by a driver of the equippedvehicle. The display device may be disposed at the interior rearviewmirror assembly and behind the electro-optic reflective element and isviewable, when activated, through the electro-optic reflective element.

The display device thus may assist the driver in a reversing maneuver bydisplaying (such as at the mirror head) images representative of therearward field of view of the rear backup camera. Such display mayassist the driver in parking or reversing out of a driveway or parkingspace, and may assist the driver in a trailer hookup function, where thedriver is reversing the vehicle toward a trailer hitch to align the towball of the vehicle with the trailer hitch. The system may providegraphic overlays or the like to assist the driver in reversing thevehicle toward the trailer hitch or toward a parking space or the like,such as by utilizing aspects of the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos.8,874,317; 6,690,268 and/or 5,949,331, which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

Optionally, responsive to processing by the processor of image datacaptured by the rear backup camera, the processor may generaterespective outputs for mirror dimming control for electro-opticreflective elements of the interior mirror assembly, a driver-sideexterior rearview mirror assembly and a passenger-side exterior rearviewmirror assembly. The respective outputs for mirror dimming control maybe provided responsive to glare light detection (via luminance values ofcells or sub-arrays of captured image data as determined by the camera'sISP) at respective mirror zones of captured frames of image data for theinterior rearview mirror assembly, the driver-side exterior rearviewmirror assembly and the passenger-side exterior rearview mirrorassembly. For example, a mirror zone for the interior rearview mirrorcomprises a zone of image data encompassed by the rearward view of thedriver via reflection at the interior rearview mirror assembly when theinterior rearview mirror assembly is mounted at an interior portion ofthe vehicle and when the driver is driving the vehicle, while a mirrorzone for the driver-side exterior rearview mirror assembly comprises azone of image data encompassed by the rearward view of the driver viareflection at the driver-side exterior rearview mirror assembly when thedriver-side exterior rearview mirror assembly is mounted at a driverside portion of the vehicle and when the driver is driving the vehicle,and a mirror zone for the passenger-side exterior rearview mirrorassembly comprises a zone of image data encompassed by the rearward viewof the driver via reflection at the passenger-side exterior rearviewmirror assembly when the passenger-side exterior rearview mirrorassembly is mounted at a passenger side portion of the vehicle and whenthe driver is driving the vehicle.

Therefore, the present invention provides an “all-in-one” single rearbackup camera multifunctionality, where processing of image datacaptured by a single rear backup camera can be used to (i) provide videoimages for display during a reversing maneuver, (ii) provide objectdetection of objects rearward of the vehicle to assist the driver duringa reversing maneuver, (iii) provide glare light determination at one ormore mirror zones of activity and to provide control signals for dimmingthe interior rearview mirror and/or the exterior rearview mirrors, and(iv) provide ambient light determination. Such an all-in-onemultifunctional rear backup camera is an improvement over known displaysystems that use two separate cameras disposed at the rear of thevehicle (such as provided on the 2016 Cadillac CT6), with one camera forthe rear backup camera function and a separate camera for a mirrordisplay (such as a full mirror display), and with the separate ECcontrol circuity (and glare sensor and ambient light sensor) in themirror casing of the interior mirror assembly. The present inventionthus provides reduced electronic content in the mirror assembly andavoids use of multiple cameras or sensors, instead using a singleexisting rear backup camera to provide video images for display, objectdetection, and EC dimming control (optionally independent EC dimmingcontrol of each of the interior mirror, driver-side mirror andpassenger-side mirror based on processing of captured image datarepresentative of respective zones of activity for each mirror).

Thus, the system may process consecutive frames of video image data(captured by the single rear backup camera) for at least triplefunctionality, including (i) rear blind spot monitoring when executing areversing maneuver or as part of a 360 degree surround view or bird'seye view system, (ii) electro-optic dimming control with particularfunctionality in the context of the caseless electro-optic rear viewmirror assemblies and systems of the present invention, (iii) lightdetection such as for electro-optic dimming control or for otheraccessories or systems of the vehicle (such as for use in controllingthe intensity of the video display screen responsive to changes inambient lighting conditions), and/or (iv) following/trailing trafficmonitoring in conjunction with or for a full mirror display cameramonitoring system that allows a driver to choose between a rearward viewprovided by the mirror reflector of the mirror reflective element of theinterior rearview mirror assembly and a full video display that displaysvideo images provided by frames of image data captured by the singlemultifunctional rear backup camera of the vehicle. Thus, in accordancewith the present invention, an automaker can utilize a rear backupcamera (now mandated after 2018 per FMVSS 111 to be present on all lightvehicles manufactured and used in the United States) for multiplefunctions without the need to provide separate cameras and/or separatephotosensors for functions other than rear blind spot monitoring.

Changes and modifications to the specifically described embodiments maybe carried out without departing from the principles of the presentinvention, which is intended to be limited only by the scope of theappended claims, as interpreted according to the principles of patentlaw.

1. An electro-optic rearview mirror system for a vehicle, saidelectro-optic rearview mirror system comprising: an interior rearviewmirror assembly comprising a caseless electro-optic rearview mirrorreflective element; said caseless electro-optic rearview mirrorreflective element comprising a front transparent glass substrate;wherein said front transparent glass substrate comprises a planar firstsurface and a second surface opposing said first surface, and whereinsaid front transparent glass substrate comprises a rounded outercircumferential glass region circumscribing said first surface; saidcaseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflective element comprising arear substrate; wherein said rear substrate comprises a third surfaceand a fourth surface opposing said third surface, and wherein said rearsubstrate comprises a rounded outer circumferential regioncircumscribing said fourth surface; said caseless electro-optic rearviewmirror reflective element comprising an electro-optic medium sandwichedbetween and contacting a transparent electrical conductor disposed atsaid second surface of said front transparent glass substrate and amirror reflector disposed at said third surface of said rear substrate;wherein said rounded outer circumferential glass region of said fronttransparent glass substrate has a radius of curvature of at least 2.5mm; wherein said rounded outer circumferential region of said rearsubstrate has a radius of curvature of at least 2.5 mm; said caselesselectro-optic rearview mirror reflective element comprising a plate atthe rear of said rear substrate; wherein said plate of said caselesselectro-optic rearview mirror reflective element is connected to and ispivotable relative to a mounting structure at an interior portion of thevehicle via a ball and socket pivot joint; wherein one selected from thegroup consisting of (i) a socket pivot element of said plate forms saidball and socket pivot joint with a ball pivot element of the mountingstructure at the interior portion of the vehicle and (ii) a ball pivotelement of said plate forms said ball and socket pivot joint with asocket element of the mounting structure at the interior portion of thevehicle; wherein, with said plate of said caseless electro-opticrearview mirror reflective element connected to the mounting structureat the interior portion of the vehicle via the ball and socket pivotjoint, said rounded outer circumferential glass region of said fronttransparent glass substrate and said rounded outer circumferentialregion of said rear substrate are viewable and contactable by anoccupant of the vehicle; control circuitry disposed in the vehicleseparate from said caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflectiveelement, said control circuitry automatically controlling dimming ofsaid electro-optic medium; and wherein, with said plate of said caselesselectro-optic rearview mirror reflective element connected to themounting structure at the interior portion of the vehicle via the balland socket pivot joint, said control circuitry controls dimming of saidelectro-optic medium of said caseless electro-optic rearview mirrorreflective element via wiring that passes through said ball and socketpivot joint.
 2. The electro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 1,wherein the mounting structure at the interior portion of the vehiclecomprises a windshield electronics module, and wherein said controlcircuitry is disposed in said windshield electronics module.
 3. Theelectro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 2, wherein a socket pivotelement of said plate forms said ball and socket pivot joint with a ballpivot element of said windshield electronics module.
 4. Theelectro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 2, wherein a ball pivotelement of said plate forms said ball and socket pivot joint with asocket element of said windshield electronics module.
 5. Theelectro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said plate isattached at a rear portion of said rear substrate.
 6. The electro-opticrearview mirror system of claim 5, wherein said plate is at leastpartially received in a recess established at said rear portion of saidrear substrate.
 7. The electro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 1,wherein said rear substrate comprises said plate.
 8. The electro-opticrearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature ofthe rounded outer circumferential glass region of said front transparentglass substrate matches the radius of curvature of the rounded outercircumferential region of said rear substrate.
 9. The electro-opticrearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said rear substrate comprisesa transparent material or comprises a translucent material.
 10. Theelectro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said rearsubstrate comprises a rear glass substrate.
 11. The electro-opticrearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said control circuitrycontrols dimming of said electro-optic medium responsive to processingof image data captured by a rearward viewing camera disposed at a rearportion of the vehicle.
 12. A multifunctional rear backup camera systemfor a vehicle, said multifunctional rear backup camera systemcomprising: a rear backup camera disposed at a rear portion of a vehicleequipped with said multifunctional rear backup camera system so as tohave a rearward field of view; a processor operable to process imagedata captured by said rear backup camera; wherein, responsive toprocessing by said processor of image data captured by said rear backupcamera, said processor is operable to generate respective outputs for(i) a rear backup assist function, (ii) a mirror dimming control atleast for an electro-optic interior mirror assembly of the equippedvehicle and (iii) ambient light detection; wherein said processorprocesses a mirror zone of captured frames of image data for mirrordimming control and processes upper corner regions of captured frames ofimage data for ambient light detection; wherein said processor processesat least lower regions of captured frames of image data for the rearbackup assist function, and wherein the lower regions encompass a rearblind zone immediately to the rear of the equipped vehicle that is notencompassed by the mirror-reflected rearward view of the electro-opticinterior mirror assembly of the equipped vehicle; wherein the interiorrearview mirror assembly includes an electro-optic reflective elementand wherein the output for the mirror dimming control is provided to theinterior rearview mirror assembly to control dimming of theelectro-optic reflective element; and wherein the output for the rearbackup assist function provides one of (i) object detection and (ii)video display at a display device viewable by a driver of the equippedvehicle of video images derived from captured frames of image data. 13.The multifunctional rear backup camera system of claim 12, wherein saidprocessor processes captured image data of the entire rearward field ofview of said rear backup camera for the rear backup assist function. 14.The multifunctional rear backup camera system of claim 12, wherein theoutput for the rear backup assist function provides video display at adisplay device viewable by a driver of the equipped vehicle of videoimages derived from captured frames of image data.
 15. Themultifunctional rear backup camera system of claim 14, wherein thedisplay device is disposed at the interior rearview mirror assembly. 16.The multifunctional rear backup camera system of claim 15, wherein saiddisplay device is disposed behind the electro-optic reflective elementand is viewable, when activated, through the electro-optic reflectiveelement.
 17. The multifunctional rear backup camera system of claim 16,wherein said display device comprises a full mirror display and whereinthe interior rearview mirror assembly is operable in a display mode todisplay video images at the reflective area of the interior rearviewmirror assembly.
 18. The multifunctional rear backup camera system ofclaim 17, wherein, responsive to processing by said processor of imagedata captured by said rear backup camera, said processor is operable togenerate an output for displaying video images derived from the mirrorzone of the captured frames of image data.
 19. The multifunctional rearbackup camera system of claim 12, wherein, responsive to processing bysaid processor of image data captured by said rear backup camera, saidprocessor generates respective outputs for mirror dimming control forelectro-optic reflective elements of a driver-side exterior rearviewmirror assembly and a passenger-side exterior rearview mirror assembly.20. The multifunctional rear backup camera system of claim 19, whereinrespective outputs for mirror dimming control are provided responsive toglare light detection at respective mirror zones of captured frames ofimage data for the interior rearview mirror assembly, the driver-sideexterior rearview mirror assembly and the passenger-side exteriorrearview mirror assembly.
 21. An electro-optic rearview mirror systemfor a vehicle, said electro-optic rearview mirror system comprising: aninterior rearview mirror assembly comprising a caseless electro-opticrearview mirror reflective element; said caseless electro-optic rearviewmirror reflective element comprising a front transparent glasssubstrate; wherein said front transparent glass substrate comprises aplanar first surface and a second surface opposing said first surface,and wherein said front transparent glass substrate comprises a roundedouter circumferential glass region circumscribing said first surface;said caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflective elementcomprising a rear substrate; wherein said rear substrate comprises athird surface and a fourth surface opposing said third surface, andwherein said rear substrate comprises a rounded outer circumferentialregion circumscribing said fourth surface; said caseless electro-opticrearview mirror reflective element comprising an electro-optic mediumsandwiched between and contacting a transparent electrical conductordisposed at said second surface of said front transparent glasssubstrate and a mirror reflector disposed at said third surface of saidrear substrate; wherein said rounded outer circumferential glass regionof said front transparent glass substrate has a radius of curvature ofat least 2.5 mm; wherein said rounded outer circumferential region ofsaid rear substrate has a radius of curvature of at least 2.5 mm; saidcaseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflective element comprising apivot element attached at a rear portion of said rear substrate; whereinsaid pivot element of said caseless electro-optic rearview mirrorreflective element is connected to and is pivotable relative to amounting structure at an interior portion of the vehicle via a ball andsocket pivot joint; wherein one selected from the group consisting of(i) said pivot element comprises a socket pivot element that forms saidball and socket pivot joint with a ball pivot element of the mountingstructure at the interior portion of the vehicle and (ii) said pivotelement comprises a ball pivot element that forms said ball and socketpivot joint with a socket element of the mounting structure at theinterior portion of the vehicle; wherein, with said pivot element ofsaid caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflective element connectedto the mounting structure at the interior portion of the vehicle via theball and socket pivot joint, said rounded outer circumferential glassregion of said front transparent glass substrate and said rounded outercircumferential region of said rear substrate are viewable andcontactable by an occupant of the vehicle; wherein the mountingstructure at the interior portion of the vehicle comprises a windshieldelectronics module; control circuitry disposed in said windshieldelectronics module and separate from said caseless electro-opticrearview mirror reflective element, said control circuitry automaticallycontrolling dimming of said electro-optic medium; and wherein, with saidpivot element of said caseless electro-optic rearview mirror reflectiveelement connected to the mounting structure at the interior portion ofthe vehicle via the ball and socket pivot joint, said control circuitrycontrols dimming of said electro-optic medium of said caselesselectro-optic rearview mirror reflective element via wiring that passesthrough said ball and socket pivot joint.
 22. The electro-optic rearviewmirror system of claim 21, wherein said pivot element is partiallyreceived in a recess established at said fourth surface of said rearsubstrate and protrudes outward from said fourth surface.
 23. Theelectro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 21, wherein the radius ofcurvature of the rounded outer circumferential glass edge of said fronttransparent glass substrate matches the radius of curvature of therounded outer circumferential edge of said rear substrate.
 24. Theelectro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 21, wherein said rearsubstrate comprises a transparent material or comprises a translucentmaterial.
 25. The electro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 21,wherein said rear substrate comprises a rear glass substrate.
 26. Theelectro-optic rearview mirror system of claim 21, wherein said controlcircuitry controls dimming of said electro-optic medium responsive toprocessing of image data captured by a rearward viewing camera disposedat a rear portion of the vehicle.